The following is an e-mail conversation I had yesterday and today with Ms. Janice Kephart. She was a counsel to the 9/11 Commission and now works as the Director for National Security Policy at the Center for Immigration Studies (CIS). It’s not often I get a chance to have a polite debate about REAL ID with a proponent, so I’ll copy the entire conversation here. I’ve removed some contact information, re-aligned it from the oldest to the newest for readability, and placed the URLs into clickable links. Other than that, I changed no content. This begins with two comments on my Florida RFID Freight Train blog.
From Janice Kephart:
REAL ID does not require RFID. It requires an MRZ, and is completely different and everything the same that has always been on DLs.
REAL ID implementation update can be found at the Center for Immigration Studies website at (click for link).
This assessment concludes that states (1) see tremendous value in pursuing REAL ID standards in reducing fraud, increasing efficiencies, improving customer service, and supporting law enforcement; (2) are willing to pay for those improvements with their own budgets outside of federal grant monies; and (3) are often exceeding REAL ID minimum standards in order to achieve more complete credentialing security. This study finds that 53 states and territories are embracing REAL ID or the technical tenets of REAL ID and 36 will likely be compliant by the deadline of Jan. 15, 2013.
Thanks, Janice Kephart
REAL ID implementation update can be found at the Center for Immigration Studies website at (click for link).
This assessment concludes that states (1) see tremendous value in pursuing REAL ID standards in reducing fraud, increasing efficiencies, improving customer service, and supporting law enforcement; (2) are willing to pay for those improvements with their own budgets outside of federal grant monies; and (3) are often exceeding REAL ID minimum standards in order to achieve more complete credentialing security. This study finds that 53 states and territories are embracing REAL ID or the technical tenets of REAL ID and 36 will likely be compliant by the deadline of Jan. 15, 2013.
Thanks, Janice Kephart
____________________________________________________
Ms. Kephart,
This is one of those things that fall into the category of what a law does not prohibit it authorizes. If you will review Title II, Section 202 (b) (8) and (9) of HR 1268, the REAL ID Act, you will see it says the following:
(8) Physical security features designed to prevent tampering, counterfeiting, or duplication of the document for fraudulent purposes.
(9) A common machine-readable technology, with defined minimum data elements.
It is not a stretch to say RFID is a physical security feature, so #8 applies. As to the Machine Readable Zone (MRZ) argument, “there is no impediment in the law to its (RFID) use”. Please review the following:
This information is brought out in an “Institute for Homeland Security Solutions” via two University of North Carolina lead researchers. On their report on page 7:
“Unlike the e-Passport and Pass Card, the REAL ID mandates the use of a contact-based card and does not require the use of RFID technology, but there is no impediment in the law to its use (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2009).”
Document link
Incidentally, that report is pro- REAL ID, as it starts out with this:
“The investigations following the attacks of September 11, 2001, showed that our ability to verify a person’s identity is crucial to our national security.”
Please note that none of the 19 foreign nationals used a false identity to obtain a State driver license or ID card. We knew who they were. Our intelligence failed, not our DMV. They used false addresses. That can still be done under REAL ID.
I stand by my assessment that REAL ID is a failed idea for what it tries to do. This has been proven by the ability of a fugitive here in Florida being able to obtain a REAL ID compliant license by fraudulent means, and mainly due to the fact it has not been responsible for the identification of one terrorist or illegal alien- the latter of which was a reason so many State legislatures bought into the idea. Our bill’s sponsor, Sen. Baker, told me as much when I first spoke to him about this bill on the steps of the Florida Supreme Court in 2010.
My analysis of the Heritage Foundation’s 39 Failed Terror plots revealed REAL ID did not and would not have played a role in the prevention of these terror plots. The most recent one in Washington, DC is no different. A tip from the suspect’s landlord alerted police, not anything from the DMV. That suspect was ineligible for a REAL ID due to overstaying his Visa. He like anyone else so inclined does not need a REAL ID to kill Americans. All REAL ID has done is help to kill our Liberty.
In 2012 or any other year, we will not be able to prevent all license fraud. I worked driver license fraud and other identity-related cases for 5 years here in Florida. We had good and now have better security for the documents. It used to be a matter of thieves breaking into a tax collector’s office and stealing what they needed. Now, even if they did so, it would do them no good. This all happened before REAL ID, and is why Florida was so far ahead for “benchmarks”, a vast majority of which are good non-intrusive things. Only a few parts of the federal REAL ID Act are operationally troublesome- such as the seizure and retention of citizen’s documents and the federal overriding of state laws put in place to protect our police, judges, and domestic violence victims. Of course, the entire act is unconstitutional under Article 1 Section 8 and the 10th Amendment, so it is really a moot point.
Paul Henry
____________________________________________________________
From: Janice Kephart
Sent: Wednesday, February 22, 2012 1:11 PM
To:
Subject: Re: REAL ID: Response to your comments
Hi Paul,
Thank you so much for your thoughtful response.
I was a counsel to the 9/11 Commission, and wrote the pieces of the report and attending monograph, 9/11 and Terrorist Travel, that pertain to driver license and ID issuance
to the hijackers, and how we know at least some of the IDs were obtained by fraud. We also know some of these IDs were used to help board planes on 9/11, used as primary ID as opposed to passports. Passports brought secondary inspections; DLs/IDs did not. You can refer to p.s 29; 31-32 at (click for link). These facts resulted in the 9/11 Commission recommendation that the US standardize minimum DL/ID issuance standards, which in then became the standards found in REAL ID..
In April of last year I discussed how integral driver licenses were to an extensive terrorist plot that was only uncovered because of a citizen report to the FBI: (click for link)
As to RFID, that issue only arises with the voluntary (no one has to get them) Enhanced Driver Licenses that a few northern states are offering their citizen residents as an alternative to carrying a passport for quick passage across the border. Whether RFID can be used in a DL– not one state is interested in doing that of which I am aware. There is no reason for it, and it would only drive up costs and is, frankly, unnecessary and from many vantage points, unwanted. The regs for REAL ID focus on the MRZ. That is what is discussed in DL issuance circles.
As to tackling illegal immigration without upsetting the rights of citizens, duly noted. However, if you look at how REAL ID has helped curb illegal alien access to DLs– taking Maryland for example, a staunch anti-REAL ID state until it became the only state east of the Rockies offering a DL to illegal aliens and how quickly they became a REAL ID state because of the ensuing problems– you may decide that REAL ID helps protect your identity from those with illegal intent from getting it– at least at the DMV. For the MD story, please see: (click for link)
I would love it if you would post my response, but understand if you do not.
Thank you for being respectful.
Sincerely, Janice Kephart
Janice L. Kephart
Director, National Security Policy
Center for Immigration Studies
cis.org/kephart
_________________________________________________________
From: Floridians Against REAL ID
To: janicekephart
Sent: Wednesday, February 22, 2012 12:11 AM
Subject: REAL ID: Response to your comments
Ms. Kephart,
Below is my response to your comments on my REAL ID blog. Thank you for commenting. The battle against illegal immigration must not list as a casualty the rights of American citizens or the U.S. Constitution.
Ms. Kephart,
I’ll be glad to post your response as I did the others. I enjoy a professional debate of issues as opposed to one where each side resorts to sound bites, assumptions, and name calling.
The original concern I have with the federal REAL ID Act was how it came to be- when HR 418 could not get enacted, the sponsor used the tried and true yet sneaky method of inserting it into a “must pass” bill. I’m of the opinion if it was such an important matter, it should have had a lot more discussion than none at all. If Congress could gauge the total effect of the legislation, it may not have passed. The public is now far more aware of bills such as the NDAA and PIPA Acts an their undesirable consequences. As a parallel, today the Florida Campaign for Liberty was able to remove an electronic authentication and enhanced driver license language from a House bill here in Florida. Once the sponsor was educated about the negative issues with RFID, and how under the existing “security token” language it could be utilized, he pulled all of the language from his bill. Had the same thing happened here in 2008 (I did not start working for the Florida Campaign for Liberty until 2011), I believe we would not have REAL ID in Florida, or at least not to the degree we currently have it. We are fortunate to have single-subject bills, but even at that, the RFID language was just 2 of over 60 sections in the bill. As I educate people here on the facts of REAL ID, the citizens, like Ms. Napolitano, do not see the need for it at such an intrusive level and such a high cost- the taxpayer has spent over $10 million on REAL ID in Florida since 2008, and we were well ahead of other States to start with. As I noted in the prior email, Florida had already used many security features that became benchmarks for REAL ID. These security features do not violate the privacy or rights of any citizen, and as I noted, we are in favor of them.
Next, the concept of the federal government setting State driver license standards is a direct conflict with the Tenth Amendment via Article 1 Section 8. In a February 2011 legislative hearing here in Florida, Mr. Brian Zimmer, the self-professed author of the federal REAL ID bill, stated licenses are interstate commerce, so the Act is constitutional. However, a plain reading of the Constitution as well as on-point case law such as Printz vs. US (local officials compelled to perform federal tasks is unconstitutional) is in direct conflict with this assertion. Licenses are generated and sold in each State, and the money stays within the State. It is purely intrastate commerce, and as such, reserved to the State. REAL ID was not voluntary, since if a State chose not to comply, they still had to change what they issued to be a non-federal identification. REAL ID punishes people such as myself that do not care to fly, enter federal buildings (although there is another constitutional issue there if a federal representative is inside), or nuclear power plants. I use my driver license to …. drive. I have a shop full of cars and motorcycles and enjoy doing so. It also punishes me in particular since I am a retired law enforcement officer (active duty also applicable). Under Florida law, my residential address, photos of me, where my kids go so school, etc. are not public record when held by a government agency such as the DMV. REAL ID over-rode that law and requires me to not only have my residential address on my license, but to also have personal papers on file with the DMV with my residential address listed. The same goes for victims of domestic violence who under State law are authorized to use an alternate address. In addition to this, I am gravely concerned over the language that Mr. Sensenbrenner or Mr. Zimmer never speak about- the ability for the Secretary of Homeland Security to determine when a REAL ID can be required without any limits. This is too much power for an unelected person to wield in our Constitutional Republic.
REAL ID came to us with an effective date of 2010. In 2009, we suffered a huge increase in both driver license and tag fees, so REAL ID and its added paperwork cost in time and dollars was truly salt in the wound. When I travel the area and speak about REAL ID, invariably an older woman speaks up about how much time and money it has cost in order to renew her license. This is due to her having been married or divorced, and the corresponding name change. Our seniors were running into birth certificate issues, since many did not have one. The DMV “relaxed” the rules here for those born before 1935. Inconsistency in a law is a bad thing. Since they were given an exemption, why not divorced women? Why not domestic violence victims?
This law, like so many others in modern times has gotten away from the concept of cause. As a police officer, I had to have cause to enforce the law. As an example, I could not require everyone in town to report to the police station and prove they did not rob the town’s bank. REAL ID makes everyone that is already licensed prove again, without cause, that they are who their license says they are. When I worked license fraud, there had to be cause to investigate. As an example, when I tracked down one of the people responsible for the 1976 murders of Trooper Philip Black and Canadian Constable Donald Irwin, I found he had fraudulently obtained a Washington State driver license. Unlike the 9/11 hijackers, he used a false identity. The authorities there properly prosecuted him based upon my information. Looked at another way, if we are to disregard the Tenth Amendment, what is to stop us from doing so (actually more so when one considers the TSA) with the Fourth? Think of all of the contraband items we could discover if we mandated searches every so often. I’m hopeful you see the direction this is going when good intentions become excessive and unconstitutional. Rep. Ron Paul, who was one of just a handful of representatives to vote against REAL ID, said this in a 2010 interview regarding a national ID:
“It’s always for good purposes. They’re going to get rid of illegal immigration, they’re going to find the criminals. But they’re also going to monitor every single person, everything they do. It’s sort of this idea, why not have cameras everyplace, on every street corner, because we’ll catch the bad guys. Well why don’t they have cameras in our house in case there’s child beating or wife beating? One thing leads to another. You either believe in freedom or you don’t.”
The Aldawsari case is just like all of the others I looked at in the Heritage report I referenced. He was caught due to alert Americans notifying law enforcement, not REAL ID. In this case, it was the chemical company. REAL ID fails in the respect that with the exception of the passport, none of the documents have a photo of the holder. I worked a case once where an 18 year old girl borrowed the paperwork of a 21 year old. They apparently looked enough alike to fool the DMV clerk, who issued the 18 year old a 21 year old ID. They could do the same thing today, as none of the documents required by REAL ID had a photo. If we could just require the DMV clerks to make use of the existing photos on file, we could eliminate a great deal of fraud. That was my concern when I worked this type of case, and it remains so today- I added photo verification requirement for a renewal language to the legislation I wrote for a partial REAL ID repeal here in Florida. I retain my old driver license fraud cases, and in looking over them, I see many dealt with administrative errors. Here’s a sample from one of them (emphasis added):
My investigation has revealed that instead of creating a new record as Olmo Rodriguez, the 2003 issuance as should have been placed on the existing Olmo record when the subject returned to Florida in 2003. The Examiner failed to follow DDL Policy LR16- Original CDL License by not checking the subject’s availability and created an unnecessary duplicate record. There is no evidence that Mr. Olmo committed any fraudulent acts to obtain a driver license.
When the door is opened for “voluntary” RFID or enhanced driver licenses, we are one step closer to making them mandatory. The bill we defeated today had language in it- mediametrics- for which there is no definition. Our laws are rife with things that while not specifically authorizing something, not prohibiting it either (see the IHSS report in my prior email as to their take that RFID could be used with REAL ID since it was not prohibited). As another example, here in Florida we have red light cameras. If you seek the word “camera” in the statute, it’s not there. They are “traffic infraction detectors”, which allows far more expanded use (i.e. speed, parking, etc., all of which are traffic infractions) than if they were called red light cameras. The term RFID did not appear in our House bill, but the language was so vague that it could have been used, as it was not prohibited.
We are putting so much usage on a driver license that was never intended that it is in effect a national ID- it most certainly is a “federal identification” when one reads section 202(d)(11)(a) of the REAL ID Act (emphasis added):
(11) In any case in which the State issues a driver’s license or identification card that does not satisfy the requirements of this section, ensure that such license or identification card—
(A) clearly states on its face that it may not be accepted by any Federal agency for federal identification or any other official purpose; and
When you factor in the international photo standards, it becomes an international ID. I see no problem with using a passport to travel and a license to drive. It’s the round peg in a round hole argument. If the federal government wishes to restrict air travel in addition to the TSA, they can attempt to do so with some type of flight ID. Ditto a nuclear power plant ID or federal building entry ID. I won’t argue the constitutionality of any of that, I’ll leave it to my friend Jim Harper at CATO. I’ll Bcc him on this.
Illegal immigration can be dealt with without intrusive and unconstitutional laws like REAL ID and E-Verify. Since it is a significant crime, it must be dealt with as such. I worked on the commercial vehicle and cargo theft task force here until retirement, and it involved nowhere near the amount of money illegal immigration opponents cite. The estimate here in Florida is illegal immigration costs the taxpayers $5 billion a year. For a fraction of that amount, we could form a task force of law enforcement, prosecutors, and judges and investigate reports of illegal aliens, and then prosecute and remove them. By doing so, the rights of the average citizen working in Florida would be protected against excessive government intrusion into their private lives, and they would not need to seek the blessing of the federal government (as is now done with E-Verify) to obtain a job. Other methods that can be employed involve a surcharge on funds wired out of the country, and the checking of legal status before a tax-funded benefit is obtained. Employees (even those here illegally, as they pay gas, sales, and other taxes) put money into the tax pool, while entitlements remove it. If it is not clear, I oppose illegal immigration. The above are some ideas I and others have had as to how to deal with it and not cause undue harm to the rights and privacy of our citizens.
Reading the Maryland story, it appears they were issuing licenses out of the State and even out of the country. This is a bad idea, but REAL ID was not needed to fix it. In a license transaction, the applicant must appear in person so they can be compared to their photo for a renewal, or their documents inspected (but not retained by the government) for an original application.
I’ll close with the observation that as a squad sergeant on the Highway Patrol here in the 1990′s, I had at best three troopers working in a county with a seasonal population of about 500,000 people. We were very busy due to crashes and other calls for service. The southern part of the county was agricultural, and there were many migrant farm workers. It got to be so regular an occurrence there that we were stopping unlicensed drivers that I had to put out a directive to tow the car and issue a notice to appear- I could not justify having a trooper off the road for up to 2 hours for a no driver license arrest- the jail was in the northern part of the county. The point here is that illegal aliens have driven without a license for decades. REAL ID will not change that. I suspect if anything else, it may create a black market for “clean” identities. I have already written partial repeal legislation for Florida for the 2013 legislative session. The representative that blocked our 2012 bill has declined to run for re-election. I’m hopeful this has been in part to my exposing his hypocrisy of running for office on the basis of more freedom and a least intrusive government, then blocking our bill so that it did not get a hearing. I expect we will do much better next year, and are already on the way with our defeat of RFID today.
Sincerely,
Paul Henry
The Pendulum of Liberty is Swinging
Cannot be stopped
History has shown us that many things are cyclical in nature. There are recent times when tyranny trumps liberty, but as a wise man once said, an idea whose time has come cannot be stopped by any army or any government.
Today, the news was that a Judge in New Jersey upheld the ACLU’s injunction against “TRU ID”, the New Jersey version of REAL ID. The story is here.
This along with Pennsylvania’s recent nullification of REAL ID by a Republican Governor and a very bipartisan bill goes to show that the pendulum is swinging back towards liberty. It seems many have given up and accepted REAL ID, such as our own Governor Scott and Attorney General Bondi, both of whom view it as a federal issue. That is not the case. In addition to the above, the Star Ledger newspaper in New Jersey has come out against REAL ID- something that the news media did not do in Ohio or West Virginia, the last two states to surrender their sovereignty and roll over to federal tyranny. In those states, all the media did was report on DMV press releases.
If you’ve visited a Florida tax collector or DMV office, you know the hassle that REAL ID is. The bad thing is, that it has wasted millions of our tax dollars and it cannot do what liberty-killing politicians like Mr. Sensnebrenner say it will.
We have a chance to install some liberty-loving politicians in Tallahassee and DC in November. If you need help identifying them, it’s an easy process- go to Liberty Takeover 2012 and you’ll see a list of candidates that have been asked the tough questions- and have demonstrated not just a knowledge of but a willingness to apply the Florida and US Constitutions when they are in office.
We’ve had year after year and decade after decade of liberty-killers like Jim Sensenbrenner in office. If you’re a sports fan, let’s run a different play.